Extinct vertebrates of the U.S.A., U.S. territories and Canada since 1492

This list was provided by Kenneth Mallory and compiled by James D. Williams and Ronald M. Nowak. It appears in the book, "The Last Extinction", and also in Nov/Dec 93 issue of Sanctuary, the Journal of the Massachusetts Audubon Society. The book, "The Last Extinction", was published in association with the New England Aquarium. (See full acknowledgments 1,2,3 at the end of the list).

Data Format: Common name, Scientific name, State or region, Date

FISHES

Miller Lake lamprey
Lampetra minima
Oregon
1953
Longjaw cisco
Coregonus alpenae
Great Lakes: Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan
1970s
Deepwater cisco
Coregonus johannae
Great Lakes: Lakes Huron, Michigan
1950s
Blackfin cisco
Coregonus nigripinnis
Great Lakes:Lakes Huron,Michigan, Ontario, Superior
1960s
Yellowfin cutthroat trout
Salmo clarki macdonaldi
Colorado
1910
Silver trout
Salvelinus agassizi
New Hampshire
1930s
Thicktail chub
Gila crassicauda
California
1957
Pahrangat spinedace
Lepidomeda altivelis
Nevada
1940
Phantom shiner
Notropis orca
New Mexico,Texas, Mexico
1975
Bluntnose shiner
Notropis simus simus
New Mexico,Texas
1964
Clear Lake splittail
Pogonichthys ciscoides
California
1970
Las Vegas dace
Rhinichthys deaconi
Nevada
1950s
June sucker
Chasmistes liorus liorus
Utah
1935
Snake River sucker
Chasmistes muriei
Wyoming
1928
Harelip sucker
Lagochila lacera
Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky,Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia
1900
Tecopa pupfish
Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae
California
1942
Shoshone pupfish
Cyprinodon nevadensis shoshone
California
1966
Raycraft Ranch killifish
Empetrichthys latos concavus
Nevada
1960
Pahrump Ranch killifish
Empetrichthys latos pahrump
Nevada
1956
Ash Meadows killifish
Empetrichthys merriami
Nevada
1957
Whiteline topminnow
Fundulus albolineatus
Alabama
1900
Amistad gambusia
Gambusia amistadensis
Texas
1977
Blue pike
Stizostedion vitreum glaucum
Great Lakes: Lakes Erie, Ontario
1971
Utah Lake sculpin
Cottus echninatus
Utah
1928
Lake Ontario kiyi
Coregonus kiyi orientalis
New York, Ontario
1967
Alvord cutthroat
Oncorhynchus clarki ssp.
Nevada, Oregon
1940
Maravillas red shiner
Cyprinella lutrensis blairi
Texas
1960
Independence Valley tui chub
Gila bicolor isolata
Nevada
1970
Banff longnose dace
Rhinichthys cataractae smithi
Alberta
1982
Grass Valley speckled dace
Rhinichthys osculus relinquus
Nevada
1950
San Marcos gambusia
Gambusia georgei
Texas
1983

AMPHIBIANS

Relict leopard frog
Rana onca
Arizona, Nevada, Utah
1960
Golden coqui
Eleutherodactylus jasperi
Puerto Rico
1980s
Web-footed coqui
Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti
Puerto Rico
1980s

REPTILES

Navassa iguana
Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis
Navassa Island, West Indies
1800s
Iguana
Leiocephalus eremitus
Navassa Island, West Indies
1800s
St. Croix racer
Alsophis sancticrucis
St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
1900s

BIRDS

Labrador duck
Camptorhynchus labradorium
Northeastern United States,southeastern Canada
1878
Heath hen
Tympanuchus cupido cupido
Eastern United States
1932
Kusaie crake
Aphanolimnas monasa
Caroline Islands
1828
Laysan rail
Porzanula palmeri
Hawaii
1944
Hawaiian brown rail
Pennula millsi
Hawaii
1964
Hawaiian spotted rail
Pennula sandwichensis
Hawaii
1893
Wake island rail
Rallus wakensis
Wake Island
1945
Great auk
Pinguinus impennis
North Atlantic
1844
Passenger pigeon
Ectopistes migratorius
Central and eastern North America
1914
Culebra Puerto Rican parrot
Amazona vituta gracelipes
Culebra Island
1899
Mauge's parakeet
Aratinga chloroptera maugei
Puerto Rico
1892
Carolina parakeet
Conuropsis carolinensis carolinensis
Southeast United States
1914
Louisiana parakeet
Conuropsis carolinensis ludoviciana
South-central United States
1912
Virgin Islands screech owl
Otus nudipes newtoni
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
1980
San Clemente Bewick's wren
Thryomane bewickii leucophrys
California
1927
Lanai thrush
Phaeornis obscurus lanaiensis
Hawaii
1931
Oahu thrush
Phaeornis obscurus oahensis
Hawaii
1825
Laysan millerbird
Acrocephalus familiaris familiaris
Hawaii
1923
Kioea
Chaetoptila angustipluma
Hawaii
1859
Oahu oo
Moho apicalis
Hawaii
1837
Molokai oo
Moho bishopi
Hawaii
1915
Hawaii oo
Moho nobilis
Hawaii
1934
Santa Barbara song sparrow
Melospiza melodia
California
1967
Texas Henslow's sparrow
Passerherbulus henslowii houstonensis
Texas
1983
Laysan apapane
Himatione sanguinea freethi
Hawaii
1923
Hawaiian mamo
Drepanis pacifica
Hawaii
1898
Black mamo
Drepanis funerea
Hawaii
1907
Lanai akialoa
Hemignathus obscurus lanaiensis
Hawaii
1894
Oahu akialoa
Hemignathus obscurus ellisianus
Hawaii
1837
Hawaii akialoa
Hemignathus obscurus obscurus
Hawaii
1895
Oahu nukupu'u
Hemignathus lucidus lucidus
Hawaii
1860
Oahu akepa
Loxops coccinea rufa
Hawaii
1893
Greater amakihi
Viridonia sagittirostris
Hawaii
1900
Lanai creeper
Paroreomyza maculata montana
Hawaii
1937
Ula-ai-hawane
Ciridops anna
Hawaii
1892
Greater Kona finch
Psittirostra palmeri
Hawaii
1896
Lesser Kona finch
Psittirostra flaviceps
Hawaii
1891
Kona finch
Psittirostra kona
Hawaii
1894
Kusaie starling
Aplonis corvina
Caroline Islands
1828
Dusky seaside sparrow
Ammodranus maritimus mirabilis
Florida
1987
Amak song sparrow
Melospiza melidia amaka
Alaska
1980

MAMMALS

Puerto Rican shrew
Nesophontes edithae
Puerto Rico
1500
Puerto Rican long-nosed bat
Monophyllus plethodon frater
Puerto Rico
1900?
Puerto Rican long-tongued bat
Phyllonycteris major
Puerto Rico
1900?
Puerto Rican ground sloth
Acratocnus odontrigonus
Puerto Rico
1500
Penasco chipmunk
Eutamias minimus atristriatus
New Mexico
1980
Tacoma pocket gopher
Thomomys mazama tacomensis
Washington
1970
Goff's pocket gopher
Geomys pinetis goffi
Florida
1955
Sherman's pocket gopher
Geomys fontanelus
Georgia
1950
Pallid beach mouse
Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus
Florida
1946
Giant deer mouse
Peromyscus nesodytes
Channel Islands, California
1870
Chadwick Beach cottonmouth
Peromyscus gossypinus restrictus
Florida
1950?
Gull Island vole
Microtus nesophilus
New York
1898
Louisiana vole
Microtus ochrogaster ludovicianus
Louisiana, Texas
1905
Puerto Rican hutia
Isolobodon portoricensis
Puerto Rico
1500
Puerto Rican paca
Elasmodontomys obliquus
Puerto Rico
1500
Lesser Puerto Rican agouti
Heteropsomys insulans
Puerto Rico
1500
Greater Puerto Rican agouti
Heteropsomys antillensis
Puerto Rico
1500
Atlantic gray whale
Eschrichtius gibbosus gibbosus
Atlantic Coast
1750
Southern California kit fox
Vulpes macrotis macrotis
California
1903
Florida red wolf
Canis rufus floridanus
Southeastern United States
1925
Texas red wolf
Canis rufus rufus
Oklahoma, Texas
1970
Kenai Peninsula wolf
Canis lupus alces
Alaska
1910
Newfoundland wolf
Canis lupus beothucus
Newfoundland Island
1911
Banks Island wolf
Canis lupus bernardi
Banks and Victoria Islands
1920
Cascade Mountains wolf
Canis lupus fuscus
British Columbia, Oregon,Washington
1940
Northern Rocky Mountain wolf
Canis lupus irremotus
Alberta, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Wyoming
1940
Mongollon Mountains wolf
Canis lupus mogollonensis
Arizona, New Mexico
1942
Texas gray wolf
Canis lupus monstrabilis
New Mexico, Texas
1942
Great Plains wolf
Canis lupus nubilus
Great Plains
1926
Southern Rocky Mountains wolf
Canis lupus youngi
West-central United States
1935
California grizzly bear
Ursus arctos californicus
California
1925
Sea mink
Mustela macrodon
New Brunswick, New England
1890
Wisconsin cougar
Felis concolor schorgeri
North-central United States
1925
Caribbean monk seal
Monachus tropicalis
Florida, West Indies
1960
Steller's sea cow
Hydrodamalis stelleri
Alaska
1768
Eastern elk
Cervus canadensis canadensis
Central and eastern North America
1880
Merriam's elk
Cervus canadensis merriami
Southwestern United States
1906
Queen Charlotte caribou
Rangifer tarandus dawsoni
Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia
1935
Badlands bighorn
Ovis canadensis auduboni
Montana, Nebraska, NorthDakota, South Dakota, Wyoming
1910

Acknowledgments

(1) This list was provided by Kenneth Mallory and comes from The Last Extinction, edited by Les Kaufman and Kenneth Mallory, MIT Press (second edition 1993 with updates and an additional chapter by Norman Myers called "Sharing the Earth with Whales"). The list was compiled by James D. Williams and Ronald M. Nowak in their chapter of The Last Extinction entitled "Vanishing Species in Our Own Backyard."

(2) A special thanks to Ann Hecker of the Massachusetts Audubon Society. The list also appeared in the November/December 1993 issue of Sanctuary, The Journal of the Massachusetts Audubon Society. This issue of Sanctuary featured a fictional trial titled "Transcripts from the Trial of Humanity -- Council of All Beings vs. Homo sapiens", p. 5-19.

(3) Thanks to Al Gardner, Wildlife Biologist/Curator of Mammals, U.S. National Biological Service, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution for advice on the list and sources of information.